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Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological sustainability — Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas) by country

The Statistical Annex to the annual Africa's Development Dynamics (AFDD) report is a collection of development indicators that were gathered and analysed while conducting the research that went into the report. These data are also available online for free viewing or download at https://oe.cd/AFDD-2024, a bilingual...

Countries reporting
175
Highest
55,842 Hectares
World outside Africa
Lowest
0 Hectares
Naoero
Median
53.31 Hectares
Years covered
21
2000–2020
Data points
5,127

What the numbers show

Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological sustainability — Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas) is currently reported for 175 countries. The highest value is 55,842 Hectares in World outside Africa; the lowest is 0 Hectares in Naoero.

The median across all reporting countries is 53.31 Hectares, and the mean is 849.42 Hectares.

Over the past decade 164 countries rose and 1 fell. The largest increase was in Cambodia (up 176.7%), and the largest decrease in Liechtenstein (down 5.7%).

Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 World outside Africa 55,842 Hectares 2020 up 23.7% rising
2 OECD 26,595 Hectares 2020 up 13.6% rising
3 China, People's Republic of 11,049 Hectares 2020 up 51.9% rising
4 United States 10,913 Hectares 2020 up 14.9% rising
5 Resource-rich countries 6,020 Hectares 2020 up 29.3% rising
6 Russian Federation 2,656 Hectares 2020 up 13.3% rising
7 India 2,241 Hectares 2020 up 45.3% rising
8 Brazil 2,036 Hectares 2020 up 19.0% rising
9 Africa, fragile states 1,961 Hectares 2020 up 63.4% rising
10 Ukraine 1,891 Hectares 2020 up 1.5% rising
11 Germany 1,834 Hectares 2020 up 0.7% rising
12 Japan 1,808 Hectares 2020 up 21.6% rising
13 France 1,345 Hectares 2020 up 5.9% rising
14 Indonesia 1,312 Hectares 2020 up 23.8% rising
15 Mexico 1,264 Hectares 2020 up 39.2% rising
16 United Kingdom 995.65 Hectares 2020 up 0.8% rising
17 Italy 994 Hectares 2020 up 10.5% rising
18 Canada 938.36 Hectares 2020 up 11.8% rising
19 Australia 931 Hectares 2020 up 7.9% rising
20 South Africa 750.74 Hectares 2020 up 62.4% rising
21 Romania 659.16 Hectares 2020 up 14.3% rising
22 Nigeria 645.9 Hectares 2020 up 66.0% rising
23 Arab Maghreb Union (UMA) 613.29 Hectares 2020 up 36.1% rising
24 Spain 601.13 Hectares 2020 up 35.9% rising
25 Argentina 549.25 Hectares 2020 up 26.0% rising
26 Iran, Islamic Republic of 518.25 Hectares 2020 up 51.0% rising
27 East African Community 437.12 Hectares 2020 up 67.4% rising
28 Kazakhstan, Republic of 355.33 Hectares 2020 up 40.9% rising
29 Pakistan 354.81 Hectares 2020 up 61.7% rising
30 Thailand 331.6 Hectares 2020 up 56.2% rising
31 Uzbekistan, Republic of 325.36 Hectares 2020 up 52.6% rising
32 Saudi Arabia 324.37 Hectares 2020 up 41.1% rising
33 Malaysia 314.15 Hectares 2020 up 38.1% rising
34 Hungary 283.43 Hectares 2020 up 0.9% rising
35 Czech Republic 262.22 Hectares 2020 up 0.6% rising
36 Belgium 261.1 Hectares 2020 up 1.2% rising
37 Egypt, Arab Republic of 259.48 Hectares 2020 up 43.2% rising
38 Venezuela, República Bolivariana de 253.32 Hectares 2020 up 25.5% rising
39 Norway 250.46 Hectares 2020 up 7.0% rising
40 Ghana 232.51 Hectares 2020 up 58.7% rising
41 Algeria 227.12 Hectares 2020 up 42.9% rising
42 Peru 221.21 Hectares 2020 up 32.6% rising
43 Chile 217.31 Hectares 2020 up 43.4% rising
44 United Arab Emirates 217.12 Hectares 2020 up 10.4% rising
45 Iraq 208.53 Hectares 2020 up 70.0% rising
46 Colombia 206.75 Hectares 2020 up 22.0% rising
47 New Zealand 202.99 Hectares 2020 up 2.0% rising
48 Portugal 202.38 Hectares 2020 up 23.0% rising
49 Philippines 182.84 Hectares 2020 up 52.5% rising
50 Austria 177.05 Hectares 2020 up 1.4% rising
51 Bulgaria 173.14 Hectares 2020 up 13.8% rising
52 Morocco 163.69 Hectares 2020 up 31.7% rising
53 Sudan 157.78 Hectares 2020 up 64.9% rising
54 Greece 155.14 Hectares 2020 up 23.5% rising
55 Sweden 146.58 Hectares 2020 up 4.5% rising
56 Côte d’Ivoire 146.24 Hectares 2020 up 43.1% rising
57 Belarus, Republic of 144.92 Hectares 2020 up 9.5% rising
58 Switzerland 135.43 Hectares 2020 up 0.5% rising
59 Denmark 127.82 Hectares 2020 up 1.7% rising
60 Serbia, Republic of 119.09 Hectares 2020 up 32.1% rising
61 Ecuador 118.9 Hectares 2020 up 54.3% rising
62 Azerbaijan, Republic of 117.55 Hectares 2020 up 80.5% rising
63 Angola 110.38 Hectares 2020 up 92.3% rising
64 Bolivia 106.49 Hectares 2020 up 35.4% rising
65 Myanmar 103.12 Hectares 2020 up 49.9% rising
66 Libya 96.68 Hectares 2020 up 41.9% rising
67 Tunisia 96.38 Hectares 2020 up 23.3% rising
68 Tanzania, United Republic of 96.27 Hectares 2020 up 64.3% rising
69 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 88.45 Hectares 2020 up 47.3% rising
70 Sri Lanka 87.19 Hectares 2020 up 24.6% rising
71 Bangladesh 85.94 Hectares 2020 up 74.8% rising
72 Zambia 83.1 Hectares 2020 up 71.5% rising
73 Israel 80.44 Hectares 2020 up 39.9% rising
74 Georgia 78.46 Hectares 2020 up 16.8% rising
75 Namibia 78.23 Hectares 2020 up 46.9% rising
76 Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of 73.42 Hectares 2020 up 53.6% rising
77 Cameroon 73.21 Hectares 2020 up 55.8% rising
78 Mozambique, Republic of 70.74 Hectares 2020 up 65.2% rising
79 Turkmenistan 67.84 Hectares 2020 up 136.7% volatile
80 Guatemala 65.87 Hectares 2020 up 24.1% rising
81 Zimbabwe 65.65 Hectares 2020 up 67.0% rising
82 Ireland 64.66 Hectares 2020 up 0.8% rising
83 Cuba 64.1 Hectares 2020 up 13.1% rising
84 Mongolia 61.49 Hectares 2020 up 35.2% rising
85 Dominican Republic 58.62 Hectares 2020 up 19.2% rising
86 Paraguay 54.81 Hectares 2020 up 14.7% rising
87 Uganda 54.77 Hectares 2020 up 44.6% rising
88 Botswana 53.31 Hectares 2020 up 122.8% rising
89 Armenia, Republic of 52.93 Hectares 2020 up 24.7% rising
90 Senegal 50.89 Hectares 2020 up 42.2% rising
91 Kyrgyz Republic 50.39 Hectares 2020 up 22.2% rising
92 Benin 49.08 Hectares 2020 up 63.1% rising
93 Burkina Faso 48.39 Hectares 2020 up 101.7% rising
94 Somalia 48.36 Hectares 2020 up 41.5% rising
95 Tajikistan, Republic of 47.72 Hectares 2020 up 56.2% rising
96 Kenya 47.42 Hectares 2020 up 123.5% volatile
97 Finland 45.32 Hectares 2020 up 9.5% rising
98 Uruguay 44.92 Hectares 2020 up 9.9% rising
99 Jordan 44.33 Hectares 2020 up 47.1% rising
100 Qatar 43.39 Hectares 2020 up 25.2% rising
101 Mali 43.3 Hectares 2020 up 82.7% rising
102 Oman 41.99 Hectares 2020 up 64.1% rising
103 Guinea 41.62 Hectares 2020 up 41.8% rising
104 Honduras 38.49 Hectares 2020 up 29.0% rising
105 Yemen, Republic of 38.18 Hectares 2020 up 111.4% rising
106 Bosnia and Herzegovina 35.34 Hectares 2020 up 28.3% rising
107 Malawi 34.7 Hectares 2020 up 88.3% rising
108 Kuwait 33.99 Hectares 2020 up 26.3% rising
109 Haiti 32.6 Hectares 2020 up 36.2% rising
110 Costa Rica 32.51 Hectares 2020 up 12.0% rising
111 Togo 30.32 Hectares 2020 up 69.5% rising
112 Cyprus 29.08 Hectares 2020 up 27.2% rising
113 Cambodia 28.55 Hectares 2020 up 176.7% volatile
114 Panama 28.44 Hectares 2020 up 31.1% rising
115 Congo, Republic of 27.52 Hectares 2020 up 47.4% rising
116 Nepal 27.33 Hectares 2020 up 37.4% rising
117 Chad 26.34 Hectares 2020 up 47.2% rising
118 Sierra Leone 25.86 Hectares 2020 up 44.4% rising
119 North Macedonia, Republic of 25.09 Hectares 2020 up 28.5% rising
120 El Salvador 24.44 Hectares 2020 up 15.6% rising
121 Lebanon 23.95 Hectares 2020 up 48.2% rising
122 Singapore 23.24 Hectares 2020 up 25.6% rising
123 Liberia 23.23 Hectares 2020 up 35.6% rising
124 Jamaica 23.18 Hectares 2020 up 19.9% rising
125 Albania 22.76 Hectares 2020 up 28.2% rising
126 Papua New Guinea 22.19 Hectares 2020 up 11.2% rising
127 Nicaragua 21.61 Hectares 2020 up 24.0% rising
128 Niger 19.05 Hectares 2020 up 103.2% rising
129 Bahrain, Kingdom of 17.79 Hectares 2020 up 14.9% rising
130 Gabon 17.34 Hectares 2020 up 18.5% rising
131 Central African Republic 16.44 Hectares 2020 up 44.8% rising
132 Guyana 16.37 Hectares 2020 up 12.5% rising
133 Trinidad and Tobago 15.11 Hectares 2020 up 22.6% rising
134 Eritrea, The State of 14.75 Hectares 2020 up 43.1% rising
135 Rwanda 13.52 Hectares 2020 up 71.2% rising
136 South Sudan, Republic of 13.46 Hectares 2020 up 58.4% rising
137 Burundi 11.93 Hectares 2020 up 78.5% rising
138 Lao People's Democratic Republic 11.76 Hectares 2020 up 58.5% rising
139 Gambia, The 11.57 Hectares 2020 up 64.0% rising
140 Luxembourg 11.54 Hectares 2020 up 1.2% rising
141 Suriname 11.52 Hectares 2020 up 8.4% rising
142 Mauritius 9.75 Hectares 2020 up 15.3% rising
143 Bahamas, The 9.56 Hectares 2020 up 6.7% rising
144 Brunei Darussalam 7.73 Hectares 2020 up 64.5% volatile
145 Montenegro 7.42 Hectares 2020 up 26.1% rising
146 Malta 5.94 Hectares 2020 up 6.8% rising
147 Barbados 5.52 Hectares 2020 up 17.6% rising
148 Guinea-Bissau 4.48 Hectares 2020 up 50.9% rising
149 Iceland 3.16 Hectares 2020 up 0.2% falling
150 Belize 2.66 Hectares 2020 up 34.0% rising
151 Comoros, Union of the 1.92 Hectares 2020 up 23.5% rising
152 Djibouti 1.8 Hectares 2020 up 33.2% rising
153 Antigua and Barbuda 1.06 Hectares 2020 up 24.6% rising
154 São Tomé and Príncipe, Democratic Republic of 0.9998 Hectares 2020 up 21.1% rising
155 Solomon Islands 0.9242 Hectares 2020 up 10.4% rising
156 St. Lucia 0.7847 Hectares 2020 up 32.3% rising
157 Liechtenstein 0.7673 Hectares 2020 down 5.7% rising
158 Grenada 0.622 Hectares 2020 up 2.9% rising
158 San Marino, Republic of 0.622 Hectares 2020 up 11.5% rising
160 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.6162 Hectares 2020 up 37.7% rising
161 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.558 Hectares 2020 up 45.5% rising
162 Andorra, Principality of 0.3546 Hectares 2020 up 29.8% rising
163 Bhutan 0.2848 Hectares 2020 up 122.7% volatile
163 Vanuatu 0.2848 Hectares 2020 unchanged flat
165 Dominica 0.2732 Hectares 2020 up 27.0% rising
166 Monaco 0.2034 Hectares 2020 unchanged rising
167 Seychelles 0.1395 Hectares 2020 up 9.1% rising
168 Maldives 0.0756 Hectares 2020 unchanged flat
169 Tonga 0.0698 Hectares 2020 unchanged flat
170 Marshall Islands 0.0523 Hectares 2020 unchanged flat
170 Palau 0.0523 Hectares 2020 unchanged flat
172 Samoa 0.0291 Hectares 2020 unchanged flat
173 Kiribati 0.0233 Hectares 2020 unchanged flat
174 Tuvalu 0.0058 Hectares 2020 unchanged flat
175 Naoero 0 Hectares 2020 — flat

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological by country. Statizoid, drawing on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 19 August 2026, from https://urban.statizoid.com/stat/africa-s-development-dynamics-afdd-table-23-ecological-sustainability-artificial-surfaces/

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About this data

Indicator
Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological sustainability — Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas)
Unit
Hectares
Source
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Licence
OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
245 places, 5,127 data points, 2000–2020
Last refreshed

The Statistical Annex to the annual Africa's Development Dynamics (AFDD) report is a collection of development indicators that were gathered and analysed while conducting the research that went into the report. These data are also available online for free viewing or download at https://oe.cd/AFDD-2024, a bilingual website which links to the electronic version of the Africa's Development Dynamics book in both English and French. <br><br> Table 23 shows indicators of ecological sustainability, in terms of land use. This includes number of hectars of land allocated to different kinds of use, carbon stock in living biomass, and fertiliser use, and wood production.