Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological sustainability — Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas) by country

Name: Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological sustainability — Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas)
Creator: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
License: OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)

Countries reporting

191

Highest

26,595 Hectares

OECD

Lowest

0.0058 Hectares

Tuvalu

Median

50.39 Hectares

Years covered

2000–2020

Data points

5,127

What the numbers show

Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological sustainability — Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas) is currently reported for 191 countries. The highest value is 26,595 Hectares in OECD; the lowest is 0.0058 Hectares in Tuvalu.

The median across all reporting countries is 50.39 Hectares, and the mean is 452.82 Hectares.

Over the past decade 180 countries rose and 1 fell. The largest increase was in Cambodia (up 176.7%), and the largest decrease in Liechtenstein (down 5.7%).

Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological: full country ranking

#	Country	Latest	Year	10-year change	Trend
1	OECD	26,595 Hectares	2020	up 13.6%	rising
2	China	11,049 Hectares	2020	up 51.9%	rising
3	United States	10,913 Hectares	2020	up 14.9%	rising
4	Russia	2,656 Hectares	2020	up 13.3%	rising
5	India	2,241 Hectares	2020	up 45.3%	rising
6	Brazil	2,036 Hectares	2020	up 19.0%	rising
7	Ukraine	1,891 Hectares	2020	up 1.5%	rising
8	Germany	1,834 Hectares	2020	up 0.7%	rising
9	Japan	1,808 Hectares	2020	up 21.6%	rising
10	France	1,345 Hectares	2020	up 5.9%	rising
11	Indonesia	1,312 Hectares	2020	up 23.8%	rising
12	Mexico	1,264 Hectares	2020	up 39.2%	rising
13	United Kingdom	995.65 Hectares	2020	up 0.8%	rising
14	Italy	994 Hectares	2020	up 10.5%	rising
15	Canada	938.36 Hectares	2020	up 11.8%	rising
16	Australia	931 Hectares	2020	up 7.9%	rising
17	South Africa	750.74 Hectares	2020	up 62.4%	rising
18	Romania	659.16 Hectares	2020	up 14.3%	rising
18	Moldova	158.61 Hectares	2020	up 0.6%	rising
19	Nigeria	645.9 Hectares	2020	up 66.0%	rising
20	Spain	601.13 Hectares	2020	up 35.9%	rising
20	Ethiopia	90.01 Hectares	2020	up 90.2%	rising
21	Argentina	549.25 Hectares	2020	up 26.0%	rising
21	Croatia	71.25 Hectares	2020	up 19.3%	rising
22	Iran	518.25 Hectares	2020	up 51.0%	rising
22	Madagascar	36.82 Hectares	2020	up 22.3%	rising
23	Kazakhstan	355.33 Hectares	2020	up 40.9%	rising
23	Mauritania	29.42 Hectares	2020	up 39.1%	rising
24	Pakistan	354.81 Hectares	2020	up 61.7%	rising
24	Lesotho	9.49 Hectares	2020	up 135.3%	rising
25	Thailand	331.6 Hectares	2020	up 56.2%	rising
25	Equatorial Guinea	6.53 Hectares	2020	up 83.2%	rising
26	Uzbekistan	325.36 Hectares	2020	up 52.6%	rising
26	Eswatini	3.84 Hectares	2020	up 47.7%	rising
27	Türkiye	671.21 Hectares	2020	up 41.3%	rising
27	Saudi Arabia	324.37 Hectares	2020	up 41.1%	rising
27	Fiji	2.5 Hectares	2020	up 9.7%	rising
28	Malaysia	314.15 Hectares	2020	up 38.1%	rising
28	Cabo Verde	2.34 Hectares	2020	up 5.0%	rising
29	Hungary	283.43 Hectares	2020	up 0.9%	rising
30	Poland	575.59 Hectares	2020	up 1.6%	rising
30	Czechia	262.22 Hectares	2020	up 0.6%	rising
31	Belgium	261.1 Hectares	2020	up 1.2%	rising
32	Egypt	259.48 Hectares	2020	up 43.2%	rising
33	Venezuela	253.32 Hectares	2020	up 25.5%	rising
34	Norway	250.46 Hectares	2020	up 7.0%	rising
35	Ghana	232.51 Hectares	2020	up 58.7%	rising
36	Netherlands	296.66 Hectares	2020	up 1.3%	rising
36	Algeria	227.12 Hectares	2020	up 42.9%	rising
37	Viet Nam	278.92 Hectares	2020	up 71.7%	rising
37	Peru	221.21 Hectares	2020	up 32.6%	rising
38	Chile	217.31 Hectares	2020	up 43.4%	rising
38	Democratic Republic of the Congo	199.75 Hectares	2020	up 54.9%	rising
39	United Arab Emirates	217.12 Hectares	2020	up 10.4%	rising
40	Iraq	208.53 Hectares	2020	up 70.0%	rising
40	Syrian Arab Republic	132.66 Hectares	2020	up 40.6%	rising
41	Colombia	206.75 Hectares	2020	up 22.0%	rising
41	Lithuania	58.42 Hectares	2020	up 6.4%	rising
42	New Zealand	202.99 Hectares	2020	up 2.0%	rising
42	Slovenia	30.68 Hectares	2020	up 1.5%	rising
43	Portugal	202.38 Hectares	2020	up 23.0%	rising
43	Latvia	26.69 Hectares	2020	up 4.5%	rising
44	Philippines	182.84 Hectares	2020	up 52.5%	rising
44	Estonia	22.59 Hectares	2020	up 7.9%	rising
45	Austria	177.05 Hectares	2020	up 1.4%	rising
46	Bulgaria	173.14 Hectares	2020	up 13.8%	rising
46	Timor-Leste	6.83 Hectares	2020	up 48.2%	rising
47	Morocco	163.69 Hectares	2020	up 31.7%	rising
47	Micronesia	3.11 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat
48	Sudan	157.78 Hectares	2020	up 64.9%	rising
49	Greece	155.14 Hectares	2020	up 23.5%	rising
50	Sweden	146.58 Hectares	2020	up 4.5%	rising
51	Côte d’Ivoire	146.24 Hectares	2020	up 43.1%	rising
52	Belarus	144.92 Hectares	2020	up 9.5%	rising
53	Switzerland	135.43 Hectares	2020	up 0.5%	rising
54	Denmark	127.82 Hectares	2020	up 1.7%	rising
55	Serbia	119.09 Hectares	2020	up 32.1%	rising
56	Ecuador	118.9 Hectares	2020	up 54.3%	rising
57	Azerbaijan	117.55 Hectares	2020	up 80.5%	rising
58	Angola	110.38 Hectares	2020	up 92.3%	rising
59	Bolivia	106.49 Hectares	2020	up 35.4%	rising
60	Myanmar	103.12 Hectares	2020	up 49.9%	rising
61	Libya	96.68 Hectares	2020	up 41.9%	rising
62	Tunisia	96.38 Hectares	2020	up 23.3%	rising
63	Tanzania	96.27 Hectares	2020	up 64.3%	rising
64	North Korea	88.45 Hectares	2020	up 47.3%	rising
65	Sri Lanka	87.19 Hectares	2020	up 24.6%	rising
66	Bangladesh	85.94 Hectares	2020	up 74.8%	rising
67	Zambia	83.1 Hectares	2020	up 71.5%	rising
68	Israel	80.44 Hectares	2020	up 39.9%	rising
69	Georgia	78.46 Hectares	2020	up 16.8%	rising
70	Namibia	78.23 Hectares	2020	up 46.9%	rising
71	Afghanistan	73.42 Hectares	2020	up 53.6%	rising
72	Cameroon	73.21 Hectares	2020	up 55.8%	rising
73	Mozambique	70.74 Hectares	2020	up 65.2%	rising
74	Turkmenistan	67.84 Hectares	2020	up 136.7%	volatile
75	Guatemala	65.87 Hectares	2020	up 24.1%	rising
76	Zimbabwe	65.65 Hectares	2020	up 67.0%	rising
77	Ireland	64.66 Hectares	2020	up 0.8%	rising
78	Cuba	64.1 Hectares	2020	up 13.1%	rising
79	Mongolia	61.49 Hectares	2020	up 35.2%	rising
80	Dominican Republic	58.62 Hectares	2020	up 19.2%	rising
81	Paraguay	54.81 Hectares	2020	up 14.7%	rising
82	Uganda	54.77 Hectares	2020	up 44.6%	rising
83	Botswana	53.31 Hectares	2020	up 122.8%	rising
84	Armenia	52.93 Hectares	2020	up 24.7%	rising
85	Senegal	50.89 Hectares	2020	up 42.2%	rising
86	Kyrgyzstan	50.39 Hectares	2020	up 22.2%	rising
87	Benin	49.08 Hectares	2020	up 63.1%	rising
88	Burkina Faso	48.39 Hectares	2020	up 101.7%	rising
89	Somalia	48.36 Hectares	2020	up 41.5%	rising
90	Tajikistan	47.72 Hectares	2020	up 56.2%	rising
91	Kenya	47.42 Hectares	2020	up 123.5%	volatile
92	Finland	45.32 Hectares	2020	up 9.5%	rising
93	Uruguay	44.92 Hectares	2020	up 9.9%	rising
94	Jordan	44.33 Hectares	2020	up 47.1%	rising
95	Qatar	43.39 Hectares	2020	up 25.2%	rising
96	Mali	43.3 Hectares	2020	up 82.7%	rising
97	Oman	41.99 Hectares	2020	up 64.1%	rising
98	Guinea	41.62 Hectares	2020	up 41.8%	rising
99	Honduras	38.49 Hectares	2020	up 29.0%	rising
100	Yemen	38.18 Hectares	2020	up 111.4%	rising
101	Bosnia and Herzegovina	35.34 Hectares	2020	up 28.3%	rising
102	Malawi	34.7 Hectares	2020	up 88.3%	rising
103	Kuwait	33.99 Hectares	2020	up 26.3%	rising
104	Haiti	32.6 Hectares	2020	up 36.2%	rising
105	Costa Rica	32.51 Hectares	2020	up 12.0%	rising
106	Togo	30.32 Hectares	2020	up 69.5%	rising
107	Cyprus	29.08 Hectares	2020	up 27.2%	rising
108	Cambodia	28.55 Hectares	2020	up 176.7%	volatile
109	Panama	28.44 Hectares	2020	up 31.1%	rising
110	Congo	27.52 Hectares	2020	up 47.4%	rising
111	Nepal	27.33 Hectares	2020	up 37.4%	rising
112	Chad	26.34 Hectares	2020	up 47.2%	rising
113	Sierra Leone	25.86 Hectares	2020	up 44.4%	rising
114	North Macedonia	25.09 Hectares	2020	up 28.5%	rising
115	El Salvador	24.44 Hectares	2020	up 15.6%	rising
116	Lebanon	23.95 Hectares	2020	up 48.2%	rising
117	Singapore	23.24 Hectares	2020	up 25.6%	rising
118	Liberia	23.23 Hectares	2020	up 35.6%	rising
119	Jamaica	23.18 Hectares	2020	up 19.9%	rising
120	Albania	22.76 Hectares	2020	up 28.2%	rising
121	Papua New Guinea	22.19 Hectares	2020	up 11.2%	rising
122	Nicaragua	21.61 Hectares	2020	up 24.0%	rising
123	Niger	19.05 Hectares	2020	up 103.2%	rising
124	Bahrain	17.79 Hectares	2020	up 14.9%	rising
125	Gabon	17.34 Hectares	2020	up 18.5%	rising
126	Central African Republic	16.44 Hectares	2020	up 44.8%	rising
127	Guyana	16.37 Hectares	2020	up 12.5%	rising
128	Trinidad and Tobago	15.11 Hectares	2020	up 22.6%	rising
129	Eritrea	14.75 Hectares	2020	up 43.1%	rising
130	Rwanda	13.52 Hectares	2020	up 71.2%	rising
131	South Sudan	13.46 Hectares	2020	up 58.4%	rising
132	Burundi	11.93 Hectares	2020	up 78.5%	rising
133	Laos	11.76 Hectares	2020	up 58.5%	rising
134	Gambia	11.57 Hectares	2020	up 64.0%	rising
135	Luxembourg	11.54 Hectares	2020	up 1.2%	rising
136	Suriname	11.52 Hectares	2020	up 8.4%	rising
137	Mauritius	9.75 Hectares	2020	up 15.3%	rising
138	Bahamas	9.56 Hectares	2020	up 6.7%	rising
139	Brunei Darussalam	7.73 Hectares	2020	up 64.5%	volatile
140	Montenegro	7.42 Hectares	2020	up 26.1%	rising
141	Malta	5.94 Hectares	2020	up 6.8%	rising
142	Barbados	5.52 Hectares	2020	up 17.6%	rising
143	Guinea-Bissau	4.48 Hectares	2020	up 50.9%	rising
144	Iceland	3.16 Hectares	2020	up 0.2%	falling
145	Belize	2.66 Hectares	2020	up 34.0%	rising
146	Comoros	1.92 Hectares	2020	up 23.5%	rising
147	Djibouti	1.8 Hectares	2020	up 33.2%	rising
148	Antigua and Barbuda	1.06 Hectares	2020	up 24.6%	rising
149	Sao Tome and Principe	0.9998 Hectares	2020	up 21.1%	rising
150	Solomon Islands	0.9242 Hectares	2020	up 10.4%	rising
151	Saint Lucia	0.7847 Hectares	2020	up 32.3%	rising
152	Liechtenstein	0.7673 Hectares	2020	down 5.7%	rising
153	Grenada	0.622 Hectares	2020	up 2.9%	rising
153	San Marino	0.622 Hectares	2020	up 11.5%	rising
155	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0.6162 Hectares	2020	up 37.7%	rising
156	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.558 Hectares	2020	up 45.5%	rising
157	Andorra	0.3546 Hectares	2020	up 29.8%	rising
158	Bhutan	0.2848 Hectares	2020	up 122.7%	volatile
158	Vanuatu	0.2848 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat
160	Dominica	0.2732 Hectares	2020	up 27.0%	rising
161	Monaco	0.2034 Hectares	2020	unchanged	rising
162	Seychelles	0.1395 Hectares	2020	up 9.1%	rising
163	Maldives	0.0756 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat
164	Tonga	0.0698 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat
165	Marshall Islands	0.0523 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat
165	Palau	0.0523 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat
167	Samoa	0.0291 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat
168	Kiribati	0.0233 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat
169	Tuvalu	0.0058 Hectares	2020	unchanged	flat

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

World 60,317 Hectares
Non-resource-rich countries 54,297 Hectares
World outside Africa 55,842 Hectares
World outside Africa, non-resource-rich countries 50,379 Hectares
High income countries 26,019 Hectares
Resource-rich countries 6,020 Hectares
High income countries (excluding Latin American and Caribbean countries) 25,680 Hectares
Latin America and the Caribbean 5,528 Hectares
Upper-middle income countries (World Bank) 23,653 Hectares
Africa 4,475 Hectares
World outside Africa, upper-middle income countries (World Bank) 22,640 Hectares
ASEAN 2,594 Hectares
Asia (excluding high income countries) 18,096 Hectares
Least developed countries 1,879 Hectares
Lower-middle income countries (World Bank) 9,063 Hectares
Southern African Development Community (SADC) 1,605 Hectares
European Union (27 countries) 8,610 Hectares
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 1,375 Hectares
World outside Africa, lower-middle income countries (World Bank) 6,597 Hectares
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) 1,329 Hectares
World outside Africa, resource-rich countries 5,463 Hectares
Southern Africa (African Union) 1,260 Hectares
Africa, non-resource-rich countries 3,917 Hectares
Arab Maghreb Union (UMA) 613.29 Hectares
MERCOSUR 3,837 Hectares
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) 503.95 Hectares
Fragile states 3,676 Hectares
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) 413.59 Hectares
Africa, lower-middle income countries (World Bank) 2,466 Hectares
Central Africa (African Union) 380.05 Hectares
Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN–SAD) 2,262 Hectares
Small Island Developing States 322.18 Hectares
Land Locked Developing Countries 2,124 Hectares
Korea 273.26 Hectares
Africa, fragile states 1,961 Hectares
World outside Africa, fragile states 1,716 Hectares
Slovak Republic 149.1 Hectares
World outside Africa, landlocked developing countries 1,536 Hectares
Africa, least developed countries 1,471 Hectares
West Africa (African Union) 1,375 Hectares

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Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological by country. Statizoid, drawing on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 07 October 2026, from https://urban.statizoid.com/stat/africa-s-development-dynamics-afdd-table-23-ecological-sustainability-artificial-surfaces/

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About this data

Indicator: Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological sustainability — Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas)
Unit: Hectares
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Licence: OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage: 245 places, 5,127 data points, 2000–2020
Last refreshed: 18 August 2026

The Statistical Annex to the annual Africa's Development Dynamics (AFDD) report is a collection of development indicators that were gathered and analysed while conducting the research that went into the report. These data are also available online for free viewing or download at https://oe.cd/AFDD-2024, a bilingual website which links to the electronic version of the Africa's Development Dynamics book in both English and French. Table 23 shows indicators of ecological sustainability, in terms of land use. This includes number of hectars of land allocated to different kinds of use, carbon stock in living biomass, and fertiliser use, and wood production.