PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Thailand
Thailand: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure was 23.49 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023. ▼ Falling
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Thailand, 1990–2023
Source: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network. Measured in micrograms per cubic meter.
Analysis
The most recent figure for pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Thailand is 23.49 micrograms per cubic meter, measured in 2023.
That represents a change of down 1.0% on the previous year and down 13.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Thailand peaked at 38.24 micrograms per cubic meter in 1990 and was at its lowest, 22.88 micrograms per cubic meter, in 2017.
That places Thailand 66th out of 200 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 34 years of available data.
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Thailand, year by year
| Year | micrograms per cubic meter | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 38.24 micrograms per cubic meter | — |
| 1991 | 37.39 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.2% |
| 1992 | 36.96 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.2% |
| 1993 | 36.53 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.2% |
| 1994 | 36.1 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.2% |
| 1995 | 34.84 micrograms per cubic meter | -3.5% |
| 1996 | 35.24 micrograms per cubic meter | +1.2% |
| 1997 | 34.81 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.2% |
| 1998 | 34.38 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.2% |
| 1999 | 33.95 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.3% |
| 2000 | 33.93 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.0% |
| 2001 | 32.98 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.8% |
| 2002 | 34.06 micrograms per cubic meter | +3.3% |
| 2003 | 32.56 micrograms per cubic meter | -4.4% |
| 2004 | 35 micrograms per cubic meter | +7.5% |
| 2005 | 34.04 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.8% |
| 2006 | 29.04 micrograms per cubic meter | -14.7% |
| 2007 | 26.51 micrograms per cubic meter | -8.7% |
| 2008 | 26.63 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.4% |
| 2009 | 25.58 micrograms per cubic meter | -3.9% |
| 2010 | 25.8 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.9% |
| 2011 | 27.05 micrograms per cubic meter | +4.8% |
| 2012 | 25.21 micrograms per cubic meter | -6.8% |
| 2013 | 27.24 micrograms per cubic meter | +8.1% |
| 2014 | 25.7 micrograms per cubic meter | -5.7% |
| 2015 | 23.61 micrograms per cubic meter | -8.1% |
| 2016 | 25.87 micrograms per cubic meter | +9.6% |
| 2017 | 22.88 micrograms per cubic meter | -11.6% |
| 2018 | 24.51 micrograms per cubic meter | +7.1% |
| 2019 | 23.96 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.2% |
| 2020 | 25.18 micrograms per cubic meter | +5.1% |
| 2021 | 23.81 micrograms per cubic meter | -5.4% |
| 2022 | 23.72 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.4% |
| 2023 | 23.49 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 35.85 micrograms per cubic meter | 33.95 micrograms per cubic meter | 38.24 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2000s | 31.03 micrograms per cubic meter | 25.58 micrograms per cubic meter | 35 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2010s | 25.18 micrograms per cubic meter | 22.88 micrograms per cubic meter | 27.24 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2020s | 24.05 micrograms per cubic meter | 23.49 micrograms per cubic meter | 25.18 micrograms per cubic meter | 4 |
Countries ranked near Thailand
- 63 Ethiopia 23.8 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 64 Azerbaijan 23.71 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 65 South Sudan 23.67 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 67 Chile 23.1 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 68 Sri Lanka 22.68 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 69 Sierra Leone 22.46 micrograms per cubic meter compare
More urban development data for Thailand
- Population in the largest city 25.3% (2025)
- Population density 140.35 people per sq. km of land area (2023)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per capita 0.2167 units per person (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million 15.52 million (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, annual 1.36 % change on previous year (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per unit 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per square 29.55 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Population in largest city 11.39 million (2025)
- Crude steelmaking capacity 11.36 Tonnes (2025)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological 331.6 Hectares (2020)
Frequently asked questions
- What is pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Thailand?
- Pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Thailand was 23.49 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023, according to Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network.
- What is the highest pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure recorded in Thailand?
- The highest recorded value was 38.24 micrograms per cubic meter in 1990.
- What is the lowest pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure recorded in Thailand?
- The lowest recorded value was 22.88 micrograms per cubic meter in 2017.
- How does Thailand rank for pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure?
- Thailand ranks 66th out of 200 countries with data for 2023.
- Is pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure rising or falling in Thailand?
- Over the last ten years it is down 13.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Thailand data come from?
- The figures come from Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network, published as part of PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.