PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Türkiye
Türkiye: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure was 26.4 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023. ▲ Rising
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Türkiye, 1990–2023
Source: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network. Measured in micrograms per cubic meter.
Analysis
In 2023, pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Türkiye stood at 26.4 micrograms per cubic meter.
The figure is down 4.6% on the previous year and down 2.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Türkiye peaked at 27.86 micrograms per cubic meter in 2015 and was at its lowest, 24.79 micrograms per cubic meter, in 2009.
Türkiye ranks 59th of 200 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 34 years of available data.
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | micrograms per cubic meter | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 25.13 micrograms per cubic meter | — |
| 1991 | 25.12 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.0% |
| 1992 | 25.2 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.3% |
| 1993 | 25.27 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.3% |
| 1994 | 25.35 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.3% |
| 1995 | 25.26 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.3% |
| 1996 | 25.5 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.9% |
| 1997 | 25.57 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.3% |
| 1998 | 25.65 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.3% |
| 1999 | 25.72 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.3% |
| 2000 | 25.88 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.6% |
| 2001 | 26.35 micrograms per cubic meter | +1.8% |
| 2002 | 27.36 micrograms per cubic meter | +3.8% |
| 2003 | 25.16 micrograms per cubic meter | -8.1% |
| 2004 | 25.29 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.5% |
| 2005 | 24.86 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.7% |
| 2006 | 25.54 micrograms per cubic meter | +2.7% |
| 2007 | 26.02 micrograms per cubic meter | +1.9% |
| 2008 | 25.83 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.7% |
| 2009 | 24.79 micrograms per cubic meter | -4.0% |
| 2010 | 27.4 micrograms per cubic meter | +10.5% |
| 2011 | 26.23 micrograms per cubic meter | -4.3% |
| 2012 | 25.85 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.4% |
| 2013 | 27.05 micrograms per cubic meter | +4.6% |
| 2014 | 27.13 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.3% |
| 2015 | 27.86 micrograms per cubic meter | +2.7% |
| 2016 | 25.07 micrograms per cubic meter | -10.0% |
| 2017 | 26.65 micrograms per cubic meter | +6.3% |
| 2018 | 26.33 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.2% |
| 2019 | 26.33 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.0% |
| 2020 | 25.17 micrograms per cubic meter | -4.4% |
| 2021 | 25.22 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.2% |
| 2022 | 27.69 micrograms per cubic meter | +9.8% |
| 2023 | 26.4 micrograms per cubic meter | -4.6% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 25.38 micrograms per cubic meter | 25.12 micrograms per cubic meter | 25.72 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2000s | 25.71 micrograms per cubic meter | 24.79 micrograms per cubic meter | 27.36 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2010s | 26.59 micrograms per cubic meter | 25.07 micrograms per cubic meter | 27.86 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2020s | 26.12 micrograms per cubic meter | 25.17 micrograms per cubic meter | 27.69 micrograms per cubic meter | 4 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
- 56 Guinea 27.26 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 57 Lebanon 26.69 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 58 Lesotho 26.44 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 60 Bosnia and Herzegovina 26.09 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 61 Lao People's Democratic Republic 25.98 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 62 Viet Nam 24.78 micrograms per cubic meter compare
More urban development data for Türkiye
- Population in the largest city 21.1% (2025)
- Population density 110.87 people per sq. km of land area (2023)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per capita 0.392 units per person (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million 33.66 million (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, annual 1.23 % change on previous year (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per unit 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per square 42.64 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Population in largest city 16.24 million (2025)
- PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO 100.0% (2017)
Frequently asked questions
- What is pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Türkiye?
- Pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Türkiye was 26.4 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023, according to Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network.
- What is the highest pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 27.86 micrograms per cubic meter in 2015.
- What is the lowest pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 24.79 micrograms per cubic meter in 2009.
- How does Türkiye rank for pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure?
- Türkiye ranks 59th out of 200 countries with data for 2023.
- Is pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is down 2.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network, published as part of PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.