PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Mongolia
Mongolia: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure was 42.69 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023. ▲ Rising
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Mongolia, 1990–2023
Source: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network. Measured in micrograms per cubic meter.
Analysis
Mongolia recorded 42.69 micrograms per cubic meter for pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in 2023.
The figure is up 4.3% on the previous year and down 6.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Mongolia peaked at 48.75 micrograms per cubic meter in 2021 and was at its lowest, 25.15 micrograms per cubic meter, in 1995.
That places Mongolia 19th out of 200 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 34 years of available data.
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Mongolia, year by year
| Year | micrograms per cubic meter | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 25.47 micrograms per cubic meter | — |
| 1991 | 25.23 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.9% |
| 1992 | 25.43 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.8% |
| 1993 | 25.63 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.8% |
| 1994 | 25.83 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.8% |
| 1995 | 25.15 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.6% |
| 1996 | 26.24 micrograms per cubic meter | +4.3% |
| 1997 | 26.44 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.8% |
| 1998 | 26.64 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.8% |
| 1999 | 26.84 micrograms per cubic meter | +0.8% |
| 2000 | 27.49 micrograms per cubic meter | +2.4% |
| 2001 | 27.83 micrograms per cubic meter | +1.3% |
| 2002 | 29.84 micrograms per cubic meter | +7.2% |
| 2003 | 30.85 micrograms per cubic meter | +3.4% |
| 2004 | 26.26 micrograms per cubic meter | -14.9% |
| 2005 | 26.97 micrograms per cubic meter | +2.7% |
| 2006 | 42.79 micrograms per cubic meter | +58.7% |
| 2007 | 47.65 micrograms per cubic meter | +11.4% |
| 2008 | 47.48 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.4% |
| 2009 | 44.29 micrograms per cubic meter | -6.7% |
| 2010 | 43.7 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.4% |
| 2011 | 46.17 micrograms per cubic meter | +5.7% |
| 2012 | 43.51 micrograms per cubic meter | -5.8% |
| 2013 | 45.41 micrograms per cubic meter | +4.4% |
| 2014 | 41.32 micrograms per cubic meter | -9.0% |
| 2015 | 44.9 micrograms per cubic meter | +8.7% |
| 2016 | 47.48 micrograms per cubic meter | +5.7% |
| 2017 | 43.8 micrograms per cubic meter | -7.7% |
| 2018 | 40.28 micrograms per cubic meter | -8.0% |
| 2019 | 44.15 micrograms per cubic meter | +9.6% |
| 2020 | 40.22 micrograms per cubic meter | -8.9% |
| 2021 | 48.75 micrograms per cubic meter | +21.2% |
| 2022 | 40.92 micrograms per cubic meter | -16.1% |
| 2023 | 42.69 micrograms per cubic meter | +4.3% |
Mongolia compared with similar countries
- Mongolia's 42.69 micrograms per cubic meter is above the median for upper middle income countries, which is 18.51 micrograms per cubic meter, 2.3× the median. (58 countries reporting)
- Mongolia's 42.69 micrograms per cubic meter is above the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is 9.77 micrograms per cubic meter, 4.4× the median. (33 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Mongolia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | +58.7% | 26.97 micrograms per cubic meter | 42.79 micrograms per cubic meter |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 25.89 micrograms per cubic meter | 25.15 micrograms per cubic meter | 26.84 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2000s | 35.14 micrograms per cubic meter | 26.26 micrograms per cubic meter | 47.65 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2010s | 44.07 micrograms per cubic meter | 40.28 micrograms per cubic meter | 47.48 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2020s | 43.15 micrograms per cubic meter | 40.22 micrograms per cubic meter | 48.75 micrograms per cubic meter | 4 |
Countries ranked near Mongolia
- 16 Mauritania 46.5 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 17 Egypt 43.15 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 18 Chad 42.96 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 20 Equatorial Guinea 42.22 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 21 Senegal 41.65 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 22 Djibouti 40.3 micrograms per cubic meter compare
More urban development data for Mongolia
- Population in the largest city 67.9% (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per capita 0.4833 units per person (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million 1.72 million (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, annual 1.5 % change on previous year (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per unit 0.0001 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per square 1.07 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Population in largest city 1.72 million (2025)
- Crude steelmaking capacity 0.12 Tonnes (2025)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 23 - Ecological 61.49 Hectares (2020)
- Population density 2.23 people per sq. km of land area (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Mongolia?
- Pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Mongolia was 42.69 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023, according to Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network.
- What is the highest pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure recorded in Mongolia?
- The highest recorded value was 48.75 micrograms per cubic meter in 2021.
- What is the lowest pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure recorded in Mongolia?
- The lowest recorded value was 25.15 micrograms per cubic meter in 1995.
- How does Mongolia rank for pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure?
- Mongolia ranks 19th out of 200 countries with data for 2023.
- Is pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure rising or falling in Mongolia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 6.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Mongolia data come from?
- The figures come from Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network, published as part of PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.