PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Netherlands
Netherlands: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure was 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023. ▼ Falling
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Netherlands, 1990–2023
Source: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network. Measured in micrograms per cubic meter.
Analysis
In 2023, pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Netherlands stood at 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter. That is the lowest value across all 34 years on record.
That represents a change of down 11.6% on the previous year and down 37.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Netherlands peaked at 21.66 micrograms per cubic meter in 1990 and was at its lowest, 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter, in 2023.
That places Netherlands 165th out of 200 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 34 years of available data.
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 20.71 micrograms per cubic meter | 19.45 micrograms per cubic meter | 21.66 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2000s | 17.05 micrograms per cubic meter | 15.27 micrograms per cubic meter | 19.4 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2010s | 12.99 micrograms per cubic meter | 10.54 micrograms per cubic meter | 16.03 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2020s | 9.32 micrograms per cubic meter | 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter | 10.03 micrograms per cubic meter | 4 |
Countries ranked near Netherlands
- 162 Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.87 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 163 Germany 8.81 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 164 Portugal 8.77 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 166 Belgium 8.45 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 167 Antigua and Barbuda 8.42 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 168 Switzerland 8.32 micrograms per cubic meter compare
More urban development data for Netherlands
- Population in the largest city 6.9% (2025)
- Population density 530.95 people per sq. km of land area (2023)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per capita 0.1225 units per person (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million 2.22 million (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, annual 0.5314 % change on previous year (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per unit 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million, per square 65.1 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Population in largest city 1.19 million (2025)
- PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO 99.6% (2017)
- Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by degree of 145.37 million (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Netherlands?
- Pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure in Netherlands was 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023, according to Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network.
- What is the highest pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure recorded in Netherlands?
- The highest recorded value was 21.66 micrograms per cubic meter in 1990.
- What is the lowest pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure recorded in Netherlands?
- The lowest recorded value was 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023.
- How does Netherlands rank for pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure?
- Netherlands ranks 165th out of 200 countries with data for 2023.
- Is pm2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure rising or falling in Netherlands?
- Over the last ten years it is down 37.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Netherlands data come from?
- The figures come from Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network, published as part of PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 34 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.